|
Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia was a British protectorate in south central Africa formed in 1899.〔Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia Order in Council, 1899, S.R.O. 1901 No. 567.〕 It encompassed North-Western Rhodesia and Barotseland. The protectorate was administered under charter by the British South Africa Company. It was the largest of what were colloquially referred to as the ''three Rhodesian protectorates'',〔Encyclopedia of the Laws of England, Volume XIII; Editors: A. Wood Renton, Esq., Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and Max. A. Robertson, Esq., of the Inner Temple and the Midland Circuit, Barrister-at-Law; Edinburgh; 1 November 1908.〕 the other two being Southern Rhodesia and North-Eastern Rhodesia. It was amalgamated with North-Eastern Rhodesia, another territory administered by the British South Africa Company, to form Northern Rhodesia in 1911.〔Northern Rhodesia Order in Council, 1911, S.R.O. 1911 No. 438, p. 85.〕 ==History== In 1890 the British South Africa Company signed a treaty with King Lewanika of the Barotse, the most powerful traditional ruler in the Barotse territory.〔(Encyclopedia Britannica article on Lewanika published on the Britannica website )〕 King Lewanika signed the treaty because he was fearful of attack from the Portuguese (in Angola to the west) and from the Ndebele (Matabele) to the east and so wished to have British protection.〔(Encyclopedia Britannica article on Lewanika published on the Britannica website )〕 The treaty did not confer protectorate status on the territory, as only the British government could confer that status. Nonetheless, the charter gave the Barotse territory protection while conferring on the Company rights over the territory's minerals as well as trading rights.〔(Encyclopedia Britannica article on Lewanika published on the Britannica website )〕 In 1897 Robert Coryndon, private secretary to Cecil Rhodes, was sent by Rhodes to be the British South Africa Company representative in Barotseland. In October 1897 he reached King Lewanika's capital, Lealui, where he was given a cool reception.〔''The Elites of Barotseland, 1878-1969 - A Political History of Zambia's Western Province''; by Gerald L. Caplan. Berkeley.〕 Lewanika could not initially accept that Coryndon could represent both the British South Africa Company and the United Kingdom government. However, in November 1899 Queen Victoria signed the Barotziland–North Western Rhodesia Order in Council, 1899. This Order amalgamated what was North-Eastern Rhodesia with Barotseland and established over the whole territory a protectorate named Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.〔Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia Order in Council, 1899, S.R.O. 1901 No. 567.〕〔''Commonwealth and Colonial Law'' by Kenneth Roberts-Wray, London, Stevens, 1966. P. 753.〕 Protectorate status was welcomed by King Lewanika.〔''The Elites of Barotseland, 1878-1969 - A Political History of Zambia's Western Province''; by Gerald L. Caplan. Berkeley.〕 Under the Order a regime for the Company's governance of the new protectorate was established. The new protectorate was administered by an Administrator appointed by the High Commissioner for South Africa.〔Encyclopedia of the Laws of England, Volume XIII; Editors: A. Wood Renton, Esq., Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and Max. A. Robertson, Esq., of the Inner Temple and the Midland Circuit, Barrister-at-Law; Edinburgh; 1 November 1908.〕 The High Commissioner legislated by proclamation for the protectorate.〔Encyclopedia of the Laws of England, Volume XIII; Editors: A. Wood Renton, Esq., Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and Max. A. Robertson, Esq., of the Inner Temple and the Midland Circuit, Barrister-at-Law; Edinburgh; 1 November 1908.〕 The protectorate was divided into nine administrative districts.〔Encyclopedia of the Laws of England, Volume XIII; Editors: A. Wood Renton, Esq., Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and Max. A. Robertson, Esq., of the Inner Temple and the Midland Circuit, Barrister-at-Law; Edinburgh; 1 November 1908.〕 In September 1900 Coryndon was appointed as the first Administrator. He held this post until 1907.〔Ben Cahoon, publication appearing on www.worldstatesmen.org/Zambia.html〕 Coryndon was replaced by Robert Codrington who died within a year of taking up office as Administrator.〔Ben Cahoon, publication appearing on www.worldstatesmen.org/Zambia.html〕 The last person to serve as Administrator was Lawrence Aubrey Wallace.〔Ben Cahoon, publication appearing on www.worldstatesmen.org/Zambia.html〕 The capital was initially at Kalomo, and moved in 1907 to Livingstone. When the protectorate was amalgamated with North-Eastern Rhodesia to form Northern Rhodesia, the Administrator of Northern Rhodesia took over the functions that had been carried out by the Administorator of Barotziland–North Western Rhodesia.〔Northern Rhodesia Order in Council, 1911〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|